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September 1931 lunar eclipse

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September 1931 lunar eclipse
Total eclipse
The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left
DateSeptember 26, 1931
Gamma−0.2698
Magnitude1.3208
Saros cycle126 (41 of 72)
Totality84 minutes, 14 seconds
Partiality226 minutes, 56 seconds
Penumbral371 minutes, 15 seconds
Contacts (UTC)
P116:42:27
U117:54:37
U219:05:58
Greatest19:48:05
U320:30:12
U421:41:32
P422:53:42

A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, September 26, 1931,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 1.3208. It was a central lunar eclipse, in which part of the Moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring only about 8 hours before apogee (on September 27, 1931, at 3:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

This was the last central lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 126.

Visibility

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The eclipse was completely visible over east Africa, eastern Europe, and west, central, south, and southeast Asia, seen rising over west Africa, western Europe, South America, and northeastern North America and setting over east and northeast Asia and Australia.[3]

Eclipse details

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Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]

September 26, 1931 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 2.40586
Umbral Magnitude 1.32082
Gamma −0.26978
Sun Right Ascension 12h10m06.0s
Sun Declination -01°05'41.6"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'57.4"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 00h10m34.4s
Moon Declination +00°52'59.0"
Moon Semi-Diameter 14'42.4"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°53'58.3"
ΔT 24.0 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of September–October 1931
September 12
Descending node (new moon)		 September 26
Ascending node (full moon)		 October 11
Descending node (new moon)
Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 114		 Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 126		 Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 152
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Eclipses in 1931

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Lunar Saros 126

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Inex

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Triad

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Lunar eclipses of 1930–1933

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]

The penumbral lunar eclipses on February 10, 1933 and August 5, 1933 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Lunar eclipse series sets from 1930 to 1933
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma
111 1930 Apr 13
 Partial
 0.9545 116 1930 Oct 07
 Partial
 −0.9812
121 1931 Apr 02
 Total
 0.2043 126 1931 Sep 26
 Total
 −0.2698
131 1932 Mar 22
 Partial
 −0.4956 136 1932 Sep 14
 Partial
 0.4664
141 1933 Mar 12
 Penumbral
 −1.2369 146 1933 Sep 04
 Penumbral
 1.1776

Saros 126

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 126, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on July 18, 1228. It contains partial eclipses from March 24, 1625 through June 9, 1751; total eclipses from June 19, 1769 through November 9, 2003; and a second set of partial eclipses from November 19, 2021 through June 5, 2346. The series ends at member 70 as a penumbral eclipse on August 19, 2472.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 36 at 106 minutes, 27 seconds on August 13, 1859. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[6]

Greatest First
The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on 1859 Aug 13, lasting 106 minutes, 27 seconds.[7] Penumbral Partial Total Central
1228 Jul 18
 1625 Mar 24
 1769 Jun 19
 1805 Jul 11
Last
Central Total Partial Penumbral
1931 Sep 26
 2003 Nov 09
 2346 Jun 05
 2472 Aug 19

Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
1811 Sep 02
(Saros 115) 		1822 Aug 03
(Saros 116) 		1833 Jul 02
(Saros 117) 		1844 May 31
(Saros 118) 		1855 May 02
(Saros 119)
1866 Mar 31
(Saros 120) 		1877 Feb 27
(Saros 121) 		1888 Jan 28
(Saros 122) 		1898 Dec 27
(Saros 123) 		1909 Nov 27
(Saros 124)
1920 Oct 27
(Saros 125) 		1931 Sep 26
(Saros 126) 		1942 Aug 26
(Saros 127) 		1953 Jul 26
(Saros 128) 		1964 Jun 25
(Saros 129)
1975 May 25
(Saros 130) 		1986 Apr 24
(Saros 131) 		1997 Mar 24
(Saros 132) 		2008 Feb 21
(Saros 133) 		2019 Jan 21
(Saros 134)
2029 Dec 20
(Saros 135) 		2040 Nov 18
(Saros 136) 		2051 Oct 19
(Saros 137) 		2062 Sep 18
(Saros 138) 		2073 Aug 17
(Saros 139)
2084 Jul 17
(Saros 140) 		2095 Jun 17
(Saros 141) 		2106 May 17
(Saros 142) 		2117 Apr 16
(Saros 143) 		2128 Mar 16
(Saros 144)
2139 Feb 13
(Saros 145) 		2150 Jan 13
(Saros 146) 		2160 Dec 13
(Saros 147) 		2171 Nov 12
(Saros 148) 		2182 Oct 11
(Saros 149)
2193 Sep 11
(Saros 150)

Half-Saros cycle

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A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 133.

September 21, 1922 October 1, 1940

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "September 26–27, 1931 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)". timeanddate. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  3. ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 1931 Sep 26" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  4. ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 1931 Sep 26". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  5. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  6. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 126". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
  7. ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 126
  8. ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
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