Publications about disinformation
This list of Publications about disinformation includes books, magazines, academic journals, and other media whose primary focus is understanding, countering, and dealing with disinformation, misinformation, and related topics.
Books about disinformation
[edit]Economic systems disinformation
[edit]- Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik M. (2023). The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market. New York London Oxford New Delhi Sydney: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-635-57357-2.[1][2]
- Hasen, Richard L. (2022). Cheap Speech: How Disinformation Poisons Our Politics — and How to Cure It. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300259377.[3][4][5]
Political disinformation
[edit]- Naím, Moisés (2022). The Revenge of Power: How Autocrats Are Reinventing Politics for the 21st Century. St. Martin’s Press. ISBN 9781250279200.[3][6][7]
- Stanford Internet Observatory; Center for an Informed Public; Digital Forensic Research Lab (2021). Beck, Eden (ed.). The Long Fuse: Misinformation and the 2020 Election. Stanford University.[8][9]
- Phillips, Whitney; Milner, Ryan M. (2021). You are here: a field guide for navigating polarized speech, conspiracy theories, and our polluted media landscape. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262361385.[10]
- Rid, Thomas (2020). Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0374287269.[3][11][12][13]
- Benkler, Yochai; Faris, Robert; Roberts, Hal (2018). Network propaganda : manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American politics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190923631.[14][15]
- Andersen, Kurt (2017). Fantasyland: how America went haywire: a 500-year history (First ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 1400067219.[16][17]
- Pacepa, Ion Mihai; Rychlak, Ronald J. (2013). Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism. Washington, D.C.: WND Books. ISBN 978-1-936488-60-5.
- Bittman, Ladislav (1985). The KGB and Soviet disinformation : an insider's view. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's. ISBN 978-0080315720.[18][19]
- Shultz, Richard H. (1984). Dezinformatsia : active measures in Soviet strategy. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's. ISBN 978-0-08-031573-7.[20][21]
- Bittman, Ladislav (1972). The deception game; Czechoslovak intelligence in Soviet political warfare (1st ed.). Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Research Corp.[13][22]
Examples
[edit]- Mader, Julius (1968). Who's who in CIA; a biographical reference work on 3,000 officers of the civil and military branches of the secret services of the USA in 120 countries. Berlin: Julius Mader, 1066 Berlin W 66, Mauerstrasse 69.[13][23][24]
Psychology of disinformation
[edit]- Shermer, Michael (2022). Conspiracy. Why the Rational Believe the Irrational. S.l.: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 1421444453.[25][26]
- Greifeneder, Rainer (2021). The Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, Sharing, and Correcting Misinformation. Routledge. ISBN 9780429295379.[27]
- Wardle, Claire; Derakhshan, Hossein (2017). Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.[28]
Scientific disinformation
[edit]- Gibson, Connor (2022). Journalist Field Guide: Navigating Climate Misinformation (PDF). Climate Action Against Disinformation.
- Michaels, David (2020). The triumph of doubt: dark money and the science of deception. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-092266-5.[29][30][31][32]
- O’Connor, Cailin; Weatherall, James Owen (2018). The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300234015.[3][33]
- Latour, Bruno (2018). Down to earth: politics in the new climatic regime. Cambridge, UK Medford, MA, USA: Polity. ISBN 978-1-509-53056-4.[33]
- Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik M. (2010). Merchants of doubt: how a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. New York: Bloomsbury press. ISBN 978-1-59691-610-4., Reprint 2022.[34][35]
- Michaels, David (2008). Doubt is their product: how industry's assault on science threatens your health. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195300673.[36][37][38]
- Carson, Rachel (2002) [1st. Pub. Houghton Mifflin, 1962]. Silent Spring. Mariner Books. ISBN 978-0-618-24906-0.. Silent Spring initially appeared serialized in three parts in the June 16, June 23, and June 30, 1962, issues of The New Yorker magazine.[39]
Journals
[edit]According to a 2022 bibliographic review, articles on disinformation research appeared in 2116 journals between 2002 and 2021, with 1252 journals publishing a single paper.[40] The four journals publishing the largest numbers of articles on disinformation were:
- Applied Cognitive Psychology (1987-), John Wiley & Sons[40]
- PLOS One (2006-), Public Library of Science (PLOS)[40]
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (1999-), JMIR Publications[40]
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2004-), MDPI[40]
Other publications dealing with disinformation include:
- Big Data & Society (2014-), SAGE Publications[41]
- International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (1986-), Taylor & Francis[42]
- Journal of Communication (1951-), Oxford University Press[42]
- Journal of Democracy (1990-2025), National Endowment for Democracy[42][43][44]
- Journal of Online Trust and Safety (2021-), Stanford University[45]
- Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (1995-), SAGE Publications[42] (formerly Journalism Bulletin (1924-1927), Journalism Quarterly 1928-1995).[46]
- Mass Communication & Society (1998-), Taylor & Francis[42]
- Media, Culture & Society (1979-), SAGE Publications[42]
- Misinformation Review (2020-), Harvard Kennedy School[42][47]
- New Media & Society (1999-), SAGE Publications[42]
- Skeptic (1992-), The Skeptics Society[48][49]
- Skeptical Inquirer (1976-), Committee for Skeptical Inquiry[50]
- Social Media + Society (2015-), SAGE Publications[42][51]
Film and television
[edit]- The Power of Big Oil (2022), PBS Frontline documentary[52][53][54]
- The Social Dilemma (2020), Netflix fiction[55][56][57]
- After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News (2020) HBO documentary[58]
- America's Great Divide: From Obama to Trump (2020), PBS Frontline documentary[59]
- Rachel Carson (January 24, 2017) PBS, American Experience documentary[60]
- The Doubt Machine: Inside the Koch Brothers' War on Climate Science (2016), The Real News Network documentary[61][62]
- Merchants of Doubt (2014), Sony Pictures Classics documentary[63]
- Climate of Doubt (23 October 2012), PBS Frontline documentary[64][65][66]
- Heat (21 October 2008), PBS Frontline documentary[67]
- Fooling with Nature (June 2, 1998), PBS Frontline documentary about Rachel Carson's Silent Spring
Countering disinformation
[edit]Print curricula
[edit]- The ABC Book of Media Literacy. Joensuu: News Media Finland & United Imaginations. 2024. (9th grade textbook)[68][69]
- Bober, Tom (2022). Building News Literacy: Lessons for Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary and Middle Schools (1st ed.). London: Bloomsbury Libraries Unlimited. ISBN 9781440875151.[70]
- Ireton, Cherilyn; Posetti, Julie (2018). Journalism, "fake news" & disinformation: handbook for journalism education and training (PDF). Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. ISBN 978-92-3-100281-6.
- Marwick, A.; Kuo, R.; Cameron, Shanice Jones; Weigel, Moira (2021). Critical Disinformation Studies: A Syllabus (PDF). Center for Information, Technology, & Public Life (CITAP), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[71]
- Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education (PDF). Chicago, Illinois: Association of College and Research Libraries. January 11, 2016.[72][73]
- Silverman, Craig, ed. (2013–2016). Verification Handbook (PDF). Maastricht, the Netherlands: The European Journalism Centre. (guidelines for journalists)[72][74]
Online resources
[edit]Media literacy
[edit]While many people see media and data literacy as desirable for combating disinformation, they may not know where to find such training.[75][76]
- Bergstrom, Carl T.; West, Jevin. "Calling Bullshit in the Age of Big Data". Youtube. University of Washington.[77][78]
- Berkman, Robert. "Fighting Disinformation: A Six Part Series for New School Students". YouTube. School of Media Studies at the Schools of Public Engagement.[79]
- Detmering, Robert; Willenborg, Amber; Holtze, Terri. "Citizen Literacy (online toolkit)". University of Louisville Libraries.[80]
- Green, John. "Navigating Digital Information". Youtube. MediaWise.
- Yau, Nathan (13 February 2025). "Defense Against Dishonest Charts". FlowingData. (data literacy)
- "Check, Please! Starter Course". Notion.
- "Community of Online Research Assignments: an open access resource for faculty and librarians". CORA.[72]
- "Curriculum and Lessons". SchoolJournalism.org, Reynolds High School Journalism Institute, University of Missouri.[72]
- "Let's Get Started | Digital Resource Center | Stony Brook Center for News Literacy". Stony Brook University.[72]
- "Media Literacy Resources". Media Literacy Clearinghouse.[72]
- "News literacy classroom resources". News Literacy Project. (for all grades)[72]
- "Resources – How to Spot Fake News". International Federation of Library Associations. March 16, 2020.[81]
- Resources Archives, National Association for Media Literacy Education[82][83][84]
- "Teaching Resources | Media Education Lab". Media Education Lab, University of Rhode Island Harrington School of Communication and Media. Retrieved 28 February 2025.[72]
- "Toolbox of Interventions Against Online Misinformation and Manipulation", Nature Human Behaviour[85][86]
- First Draft's Essential Guides (guidelines for journalists)[87][88][89]
Safety training for journalists and others
[edit]Attacks on journalists (including the use of disinformation to harass journalists and put them at increased risk) are increasing worldwide. Safety training is recommended to help people prepare for and respond to such threats.[90][91][92]
- "How to report safely: Strategies for women journalists & their allies", Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas[87][93][94]
- "Online Harassment Field Manual", PEN America[87][95][96]
- "Promoting Journalist Safety"", Foley Foundation (journalist safety curricula)[87][97][98]
- "Safety and resilience for journalists", National Council for the Training of Journalists[99]
- "Safety Kit", Committee to Protect Journalists[87][100]
- "Surveillance Self-Defense", Electronic Frontier Foundation[87][101]
- "U.S. Journalism School Digital Security Curriculum", Freedom of the Press Foundation[102]
Safety training for Wikipedia editors
[edit]The tactics that are used against journalists are also being used against Wikipedia editors.[103][104][105] Disinformation attacks on Wikipedia itself attempt to undermine its credibility.[106][107][108]
- Wikimedia Foundation Human Rights Team Publications[109][110]
- Human Rights/Digital Security Resources, Meta Wiki[111]
- Wikimedia Foundation Trust and Safety Resources, Meta Wiki[112]
Games
[edit]- Bad News (video game)[113]
- Cat Park[113]
- Cranky Uncle[113][114][115]
- Fake It To Make It[113]
- Go Viral Game[113]
- Harmony Square Game[113]
- Troll Factory Game[113]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ McLean, Bethany (10 March 2023). "Review | Big Business's relentless push to equate the free market with freedom". Washington Post. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
- ^ Tanguay, Brian (16 June 2023). "Book Review | 'The Big Myth: How American Business Taught Us to Loathe Government and Love the Free Market' by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway". The Santa Barbara Independent. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
- ^ a b c d Stengel, Richard (9 June 2022). "Misdirection, Fake News and Lies: The Best Books to Read on Disinformation". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
- ^ Kosseff, Jeff (18 January 2023). "Confronting Misinformation in the Age of Cheap Speech". Lawfare. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ^ Horn, Walter (2022). "Richard L. Hasen, Cheap Speech: How Disinformation Poisons Our Politics–and How to Cure It". 3:16. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ^ Green, Duncan (April 19, 2023). "The Revenge of Power: A Great Book that will help you better understand Modern Politics | From Poverty to Power". frompoverty.oxfam.org.uk. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ^ Kuo, Didi (22 April 2022). "Review | How the world has been 'made safe for autocracy'". Washington Post. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ^ Stepnick, Hana (August 1, 2022). "Midterm misinformation and the platforms, explained". @politifact.
- ^ Newton, Casey (4 March 2021). "How YouTube failed the 2020 election test". Platformer.
- ^ Heath, Mary (1 June 2021). "Book Review: You Are Here: A Field Guide for Navigating Polarized Speech, Conspiracy Theories, and Our Polluted Media Landscape". New Media & Society. 23 (6): 1721–1723. doi:10.1177/1461444821999813. ISSN 1461-4448.
- ^ Raeburn, Tom (2022). "Book Review Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare". Air and Space Power Review. 24 (2): 161–162. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
- ^ Clark, John R. (2021). "Review of Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare". American Intelligence Journal. 38 (1): 185–187. ISSN 0883-072X. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
- ^ a b c Rid, Thomas (2020). Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare (PDF). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0374287269.
- ^ DeCook, Julia Rose (1 June 2019). "Book Review: Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics". Convergence. 25 (3): 568–572. doi:10.1177/1354856519855568. ISSN 1354-8565.
- ^ Zelizer, B. (2018). "Resetting journalism in the aftermath of Brexit and Trump". European Journal of Communication. 33 (2): 140–156. doi:10.1177/026732311876031.
- ^ Cohen, Adam (29 November 2017). "REVIEW: Trumpian Fantasies Have a Long History -- and Perhaps a Dire Future". The National Book Review.
- ^ Rosin, Hanna (5 September 2017). "Fake News: It's as American as George Washington's Cherry Tree". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ^ Arenstein, Seth (1986). "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation, and: Sovieticus: American Perceptions and Soviet Realities (review)". SAIS Review. pp. 224–226.
- ^ Davis, Curtis Carroll (1986). "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View". Naval War College Review. 39 (4): 22.
- ^ "Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy. By Richard H. Schultz and Roy Godson. (New York: Pergamon Press, 1984. Pp. x + 211. 12.95, paper.)". American Political Science Review. 78 (4): 1211–1211. December 1984. doi:10.2307/1955991. ISSN 0003-0554.
- ^ Reddaway, Norman (1 October 1984). "Dezinformatsia: active measures in Soviet strategy and New lies for old". International Affairs. 60 (4): 706–707. doi:10.2307/2620097. ISSN 0020-5850.
- ^ Korbel, Josef (September 1973). "The Deception Game: Czechoslovak Intelligence in Soviet Political Warfare. By Ladislav Bittman. Syracuse: Syracuse University Research Corporation, 1972. xxv, 246 pp. $9.95". Slavic Review. 32 (3): 642–642. doi:10.2307/2495455. ISSN 0037-6779.
- ^ "'Who's Who In CIA': A Cold War Relic". Rick On Theater. 8 May 2018.
- ^ Moran, Christopher R. (31 March 2013). Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-7756-6.
- ^ Panik, Tina (Sep 1, 2022). "Conspiracy: Why the Rational Believe the Irrational". Library Journal. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ^ Rabe, Kristen (27 October 2022). "Review of Conspiracy". www.forewordreviews.com.
- ^ Guiu, Gabriela (1 April 2022). "Book review of 'The Psychology of Fake News. Accepting, Sharing, and Correcting Misinformation': edited by Rainer Greifeneder, Mariela E. Jaffé, Eryn J. Newman & Norbert Schwarz, Routledge, 2021, 253 pages". Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations. 24 (1): 63–65. doi:10.21018/rjcpr.2022.1.340. ISSN 2344-5440.
- ^ Kandel, Nirmal (30 April 2020). "Information Disorder Syndrome and Its Management". Journal of Nepal Medical Association. 58 (224). doi:10.31729/jnma.4968. PMC 7580464.
- ^ Kirshenbaum, Sheril (14 February 2020). "The art of misleading the public". Science. 367 (6479): 747. Bibcode:2020Sci...367..747K. doi:10.1126/science.aba5495. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 211110439.
- ^ Lawrence, Felicity (3 February 2020). "Truth decay: when uncertainty is weaponized". Nature. 578 (7793): 28–29. Bibcode:2020Natur.578...28L. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00273-4.
- ^ Aschwanden, Christie (14 February 2020). "Book Review: Probing the Corporate Manipulation of Science". Undark Magazine. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ Rest, Kathleen (14 February 2020). "Book Review: The Triumph of Doubt Exposes the Disinformation Playbook in Action". Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ a b Szalai, Jennifer (9 January 2019). "Why Fighting Fake News With the Facts Might Not Be Enough". The New York Times.
- ^ Levy, Adam (May 30, 2023). "Scientists warned about climate change in 1965. Nothing was done". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-052523-1 (inactive November 1, 2024).
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ Ward, Bud (July 8, 2010). "Reviews: Leaving No Doubt on Tobacco, Acid Rain, Climate Change". Yale Climate Connections. Archived from the original on September 26, 2024.
- ^ Cranor, Carl F. (5 September 2008). "Public Health: The Tobacco Strategy Entrenched". Science. 321 (5894): 1296–7. doi:10.1126/science.1162339. S2CID 153706560.
- ^ Goozner, Merrill (11 June 2008). "Review: Doubt is Their Product by David Michaels and Bending Science by Thomas O. McGarity and Wendy E. Wagner". New Scientist. 198 (2660): 48–49. doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(08)61496-7.
- ^ Erickson, Britt E. (November 17, 2008). "Manufacturing Uncertainty". Chemical and Engineering News. 86 (46): 77–8. doi:10.1021/cen-v086n046.p077.
- ^ Lear, Linda (1998). Rachel Carson: witness for nature (1. owl book ed.). New York, NY: Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-3428-8.
- ^ a b c d e Wang, Shixiong; Su, Fangfang; Ye, Lu; Jing, Yuan (January 2022). "Disinformation: A Bibliometric Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (24): 16849. doi:10.3390/ijerph192416849. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 9779732. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
- ^ "Big Data & Society – DOAJ". doaj.org.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "EC Library Guides: EC Library Guide on tackling disinformation and misinformation: Research journals". European Commision libraries.
- ^ "Issues". Journal of Democracy.
- ^ Pierson, David; Wang, Berry (2025-02-14). "Cuts to U.S.-Backed Rights Groups Seen as a Win for China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
- ^ "Project - Journal of Online Trust and Safety". Civic Tech Directory. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
- ^ Folkerts, Jean (1998). "Celebrating the 75th" (PDF). Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 75 (4). Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ^ "The HKS Misinformation Review". Shorenstein Center.
- ^ "Skeptic » About Us » What We Do". www.skeptic.com.
- ^ "Skeptic » The Magazine » Back Issues, volumes 1–29". www.skeptic.com.
- ^ Foster, Craig (December 29, 2022). "On the Origin of Skeptical Inquirer". Skeptical Inquirer. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "SAGE to launch new Open Access Journal, Social Media + Society". SAGE Publications Inc. 24 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ^ Hale, Mike (2022-04-18). "'Frontline' Review: Why the Climate Changed but We Didn't". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2022-07-02. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
- ^ Rampell, Ed (2022-04-18). "'The Power of Big Oil' Exposes Corporate Climate Change Deniers and Doubters". progressive.org. Archived from the original on 2022-05-12. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
- ^ McGreal, Chris (2022-04-21). "'What we now know … they lied': how big oil companies betrayed us all". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2022-09-30. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
- ^ Girish, Devika (September 9, 2020). "'The Social Dilemma' Review: Unplug and Run". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 9, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
- ^ Kennedy, Mark (September 8, 2020). "Review: Put down that phone, urges doc 'The Social Dilemma'". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- ^ Pankova, Elizabeth (October 8, 2020). "The Social Dilemma and the Rise of the Clickbait Documentary". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ^ Poniewozik, James (18 March 2020). "Review: 'After Truth,' the Deluge". The New York Times.
- ^ Enker, Debi (29 July 2020). "America's Great Divide reflects on a bitterly polarised nation". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ "Silent Spring: A Two-Hour Film on Author and Scientist Rachel Carson". Great Lakes Now. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
- ^ Livesey, Bruce (2 November 2016). "The Doubt Machine: The challenge of taking on America's richest oil barons | Canada's National Observer: Climate News". Canada's National Observer.
- ^ Parkinson, David (11 November 2022). "Getting to Know: Emma Thompson". CinemaParadiso.co.uk.
- ^ Chang, Justin (September 4, 2014). "Telluride Film Review: 'Merchants of Doubt'". Variety.
- ^ "New PBS documentary 'Climate of Doubt' looks at organizations fueling doubt in climate change". The World from PRX. 15 August 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
- ^ "Climate of Doubt Shines a Light on the Climate Denial Movement". Skeptical Science. 27 October 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
- ^ "Climate of Doubt". FRONTLINE. October 23, 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
- ^ Sheppard, Kate (21 October 2008). "Frontline documentary 'Heat' looks at the politics of global warming". Grist. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
- ^ Nash, Amelia (27 August 2024). "Media Literacy A to Z: How Finland is Arming Students Against Misinformation". PRINT Magazine. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
- ^ Andrić, Kaja (24 Oct 2024). "Where media literacy is fundamental". News Decoder. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
- ^ Strohecker, Lauren (Apr 1, 2021). "Building News Literacy: Lessons for Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary and Middle Schools". SLJ: School Library Journal. Bloomsbury Libraries Unlimited.
- ^ Kuo, Rachel; Marwick, Alice (12 August 2021). "Critical disinformation studies: History, power, and politics". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-76.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Valenza, Joyce (26 November 2016). "Truth, truthiness, triangulation: A news literacy toolkit for a "post-truth" world". Neverending Search (SLJ Blog). Retrieved 28 February 2025.
- ^ Harmeyer, Dave; Baskin, Janice J. (5 March 2018). Implementing the Information Literacy Framework: A Practical Guide for Librarians. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-0758-4.
- ^ "Verification Handbook 2". DataJournalism.com.
- ^ "Media literacy skills important to counter disinformation, survey says". Boston University. January 30, 2024.
- ^ Notley, Tanya; Chambers, Simon; Park, Sora; Dezuanni, Michael (2024). Adult Media Literacy in 2024: Australian attitudes, experiences and needs (PDF). Western Sydney University, Queensland University of Technology and University of Canberra. ISBN 9781741085662.
- ^ Nijhuis, Michelle (3 June 2017). "How to Call B.S. on Big Data: A Practical Guide". The New Yorker. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
- ^ Crowe, Stephanie. "LibGuides: Teaching Media Literacy, "Fake News," and Disinformation: Home". UNC Wilmington.
- ^ "School of Media Studies Professor Robert Berkman's Fighting Disinformation Video Series Helps Students Sort Fact from Fiction Online". The New School News. 26 January 2023. Archived from the original on Nov 2, 2023.
- ^ Dowd, Carolyn (8 April 2021). "Citizen Literacy receives notice in ALA 2021 State of America's Libraries Report". University of Louisville Libraries News. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
- ^ Holtze, Terri. "UofL Libraries: News Literacy: Sources". University of Louisville.
- ^ Cheli, Louise. "LibGuides: Media Literacy: The National Association for Media Literacy Education (NAMLE)". St. Louis County Library.
- ^ "Bibliography: Media Literacy in the Age of Deepfakes" (PDF). Center for Media Literacy.
- ^ "Resources Archives". NAMLE.
- ^ Kozyreva, Anastasia; Lorenz-Spreen, Philipp; Herzog, Stefan Michael; Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Hertwig, Ralph (16 December 2022). "Toolbox of Interventions Against Online Misinformation and Manipulation". psyarxiv.com. doi:10.31234/osf.io/x8ejt. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "Toolbox: Conceptual overview". Toolbox of interventions against online misinformation and manipulation. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f "Training". Coalition Against Online Violence.
- ^ "Sharpen your skills: Training resources for journalists and the public". First Draft.
- ^ "First Draft's Essential Guides". First Draft. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- ^ Derhgawen, Shubhangi (March 5, 2025). "Europe sees rise in disinformation, attacks on media: report – DW – 03/05/2025". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
- ^ "Journalists 2024 U.S. Media Report Daily Threats, Harassment and Attacks at Home Under Fire:" (PDF). International Women's Media Foundation. 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
- ^ Posetti, Julie; Ejaz, Waqas (4 November 2024). "New survey finds an alarming tolerance for attacks on the press in the US – particularly among white, Republican men". The Conversation.
- ^ "Hostile Environment Training - IWMF". International Women’s Media Foundation.
- ^ Baskerville, Alison. "How to report safely: Strategies for women journalists & their allies". Journalism Courses by Knight Center.
- ^ "Online Harassment Field Manual". PEN America. 13 March 2018.
- ^ "Online Abuse Defense Training Program". PEN America.
- ^ "Promoting Journalist Safety". Foley Foundation.
- ^ "Undergraduate Journalism Safety Training Curriculum // Diederich College of Communication // Marquette University". Marquette University.
- ^ "Safety and resilience for journalists". National Council for the Training of Journalists. 7 November 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
- ^ "Safety Kit". Committee to Protect Journalists.
- ^ "Surveillance Self-Defense". Electronic Frontier Foundation.
- ^ "U.S. Journalism School Digital Security Curriculum". Freedom of the Press. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
- ^ Koebler, Jason (11 February 2025). "Wikipedia Prepares for 'Increase in Threats' to US Editors From Musk and His Allies". 404 Media. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
- ^ White, Molly (2 January 2025). "Elon Musk and the right's war on Wikipedia". Citation Needed. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
- ^ Borak, Masha (September 9, 2022). "Doxxed, threatened, and arrested: Russia's war on Wikipedia editors". Nieman Lab. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
- ^ Shroff, Lila (5 February 2025). "Elon Musk Wants What He Can't Have: Wikipedia". The Atlantic. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
- ^ Harrison, Stephen (5 February 2025). "Project 2025's Creators Want to Dox Wikipedia Editors. The Tool They're Using Is Horrifying". Slate. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
- ^ Leloup, Damien (29 January 2025). "Why Elon Musk is calling for a boycott of Wikipedia". Retrieved 6 March 2025.
- ^ "Wikimedia Foundation Human Rights Team". Diff. 8 September 2024.
- ^ Wikimedia Foundation Human RightsTeam (26 February 2025). "Privacy and Transparency: Staying safe in an open movement". Diff.
- ^ "Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Human Rights/Digital Security Resources - Meta". meta.wikimedia.org.
- ^ "Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Resources - Meta". meta.wikimedia.org.
- ^ a b c d e f g Voe, Kristina De. "Research Guides: "Fake News," Misinformation & Disinformation: Teaching resources". guides.temple.edu. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
- ^ Murray, Jessica (7 December 2019). "Cranky Uncle game takes on climate crisis denial and fake news". The Guardian. Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2023.
- ^ "Cranky Uncle game: building resilience against misinformation". Cranky Uncle. Archived from the original on Jan 31, 2024.