Matorral
Matorral is a Spanish word, along with tomillares, for shrubland, thicket, or bushes.[1] It is used in naming and describing a Mediterranean climate ecosystem in Southern Europe.
Mediterranean region
[edit]Matorral originally referred to the matorral shrublands and woodlands in the Mediterranean climate regions of Spain and other Mediterranean Basin countries. These scrub shrublands and woodlands are a plant community and a distinct habitat. Other common general names for this Mediterranean region shrubland habitat ecosystem are maquis and garrigue in France, Macchia Mediterraneain Italy, phrygana in Greece, mato [Portugal]], batha in [[Israel].. The term is now used more broadly to include similar bio-assemblages where ever they occur.
In Portugal, the term mato or matagal is used to refer to the scrublands, or heaths, that formed on the Cambrian and Silurian schists in the north and central parts of Portugal.
Mediterranean matorral shrublands are often part of a mosaic landscape, interspersed with forests, woodlands, grasslands, and scrublands.[2][3]
Americas
[edit]The term matorral followed the Spanish colonization of the Americas and is used to refer to Mediterranean climate woodlands and scrub,[4] as well as xeric shrublands ecosystems in Mexico,[5] Chile,[4] and elsewhere.
There are Chilean Matorral areas in central Chile, including portions of La Campana National Park.
The Central Mexican matorral, Meseta Central matorral, Tamaulipan matorral, and Tehuacán Valley matorral are xeric shrubland ecoregions of Mexico.
The Portuguese term mato was imported to colonial eastern South America, where it was used to refer to the great scrublands, savannas, and flooded grasslands region called the Mato Grosso, in present-day western Brazil.
Popular usage
[edit]The regional Mexican band Los Tigres Del Norte used the term matorrales, the plural form of matorral, in its famous song "Pacas De A Kilo," an example of an infamous narcocorridos, or drug ballads.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
- ^ Velazquez, Mariano (comp.) (1973) "Matorral" A New Pronouncing Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages (rev. ed.) Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, p. 431
- ^ Arroyo, J. and Maranon, T. (March 1990) "Community Ecology and Distributional Spectra of Mediterranean Shrublands and Heathlands in Southern Spain" Journal of Biogeography 17(2): pp. 163-176
- ^ Lavorel, Sandra (1999) "Ecological Diversity and Resilience of Mediterranean Vegetation to Disturbance" Diversity and Distributions 5(1/2): pp. 3-13
- ^ a b Jiménez, Héctor E. and Armesto, Juan J. (December 1992) "Importance of the Soil Seed Bank of Disturbed Sites in Chilean Matorral in Early Secondary Succession" Journal of Vegetation Science 3(5): pp. 579-586, p. 579
- ^ Camargo-Ricalde, Sara Lucía; Dhillion, Shivcharn S. and Grether, Rosaura (October 2002) "Community Structure of Endemic Mimosa Species and Environmental Heterogeneity in a Semi-Arid Mexican Valley"Journal of Vegetation Science 13(5): pp. 697-704
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