Jump to content

MMDA (drug)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MMDA
Clinical data
Other names3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine; 5-Methoxy-MDA; 5-MeO-MDA
Routes of
administration		Oral, Insufflation, Rectal
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 1-(7-Methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H15NO3
Molar mass209.245 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O1c2cc(cc(OC)c2OC1)CC(N)C

MMDA, also known as 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine or as 5-methoxy-MDA, is a psychedelic and entactogen drug of the amphetamine class. It is an analogue of lophophine, MDA, and MDMA.

Use and effects

[edit]

MMDA was described by Alexander Shulgin in his book PiHKAL. Shulgin lists the dosage range of MMDA as 100–250 mg. The first effects appear within 30–60 minutes following oral administration. MMDA produces euphoria and loving warmth, and attenuates feelings such as anxiety and loneliness. MMDA also produces closed eye visuals, a state of drowsiness, muscle relaxation, and time distortion. Side effects include moderate mydriasis, dizziness, sensations of heat or cold, and trembling. The imagery is generally realistic, and often related to everyday perception of people, landscapes, or objects. The effects of MMDA usually reach a peak during the first hour following the initial effects, and begin to wane during the second hour, and usually completely disappear by the end of the fifth hour.

Pharmacology

[edit]

MMDA has been shown to act as a non-neurotoxic serotonin releasing agent, with no effects on release of dopamine or probably norepinephrine,[2] and as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist.[3] The latter property is responsible for its psychedelic effects, whereas the former may be involved in its entactogenic effects.[citation needed]

History

[edit]

MMDA was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and he discovered its psychoactive effects that same year.[4][5] Shulgin published his findings on MMDA in the scientific literature in 1964.[4][5][6][7] Use of MMDA in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy was described by Shulgin, Thornton Sargent, and Claudio Naranjo in 1973.[4][8]

[edit]

United States

[edit]

MMDA is classified as a Schedule 1 substance in the United States, and is similarly controlled in other parts of the world. MMDA remains illegal, however it is classified differently than the illegality of MDMA.[clarification needed]

Internationally, MMDA is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[9]

Australia

[edit]

MMDA is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015).[10] A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities.[10]

Research

[edit]

Psychotherapy

[edit]

In his 1973 book, The Healing Journey, Claudio Naranjo explored the psychotherapeutic potential of MMDA. Like MDA, he found that MMDA facilitates communication and suggested it has potential applications in psychotherapy. Worldwide as of 2005, MMDA has not been approved for any human applications.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  2. ^ McKenna DJ, Guan XM, Shulgin AT (March 1991). "3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) analogues exhibit differential effects on synaptosomal release of 3H-dopamine and 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 38 (3): 505–12. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90005-M. PMID 1829838. S2CID 2740262.
  3. ^ Zhang Z, An L, Hu W, Xiang Y (April 2007). "3D-QSAR study of hallucinogenic phenylalkylamines by using CoMFA approach". Journal of Computer-aided Molecular Design. 21 (4): 145–53. Bibcode:2007JCAMD..21..145Z. doi:10.1007/s10822-006-9090-y. PMID 17203365. S2CID 25343432.
  4. ^ a b c Benzenhöfer U, Passie T (August 2010). "Rediscovering MDMA (ecstasy): the role of the American chemist Alexander T. Shulgin". Addiction. 105 (8): 1355–61. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02948.x. PMID 20653618.
  5. ^ a b Shulgin, Alexander T. (1976). "Profiles of Psychedelic Drugs: MMDA". Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 8 (4): 331–331. doi:10.1080/02791072.1976.10471859. ISSN 0022-393X.
  6. ^ Shulgin AT (March 1964). "3-Methoxy-4 5-methylenedioxy Amphetamine, a New Psychotomimetic Agent". Nature. 201: 1120–1121. doi:10.1038/2011120a0. PMID 14152788.
  7. ^ Shulgin AT (July 1964). "Psychotomimetic amphetamines: methoxy 3,4-dialkoxyamphetamines". Experientia. 20 (7): 366–367. doi:10.1007/BF02147960. PMID 5855670.
  8. ^ Shulgin AT, Sargent T, Naranjo C (1973). "Animal pharmacology and human psychopharmacology of 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (MMDA)". Pharmacology. 10 (1): 12–18. doi:10.1159/000136416. PMID 4751535.
  9. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-12-05. Retrieved 2005-11-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ a b Poisons Standard October 2015 https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01534
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://ergngevd.top/w/index.php?title=MMDA_(drug)&oldid=1285011518"