List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces

During the First Indochina War (1946–1954), Vietnam War (1955–1975), Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989), Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) and the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979– 1991 (1979–1991), the Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military equipment subsidies ended and Vietnam began the use of hard currency and barter to buy weapons and equipment.

Vietnam prioritizes economic development and growth while maintaining defense spending. The government does not conduct procurement phases or major upgrades of weapons. From the end of the 1990s the Government of Vietnam has announced the acquisition of a number of strategic systems equipped with modern weapons. Accordingly, Vietnam has been slow to develop naval and air forces to control shallow waters and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Currently most defense procurement programs focus on remedying this priority. For example, Vietnam has purchased a number of combat aircraft and warships with the capability to operate in high seas. Vietnam also plans to develop its defense industry, with priority placed on the Navy, combined with assistance from its former communist allies, India, and Japan.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Since 2015, Vietnam has begun exploring purchases of U.S. and European weapons while facing numerous political, historical, and financial barriers, as they cannot continue to rely on Soviet and Chinese weapons especially due to the increasing tensions in the South China Sea dispute.^[4]

Personal equipment

Combat Helmet / Helmet Accessories

Name	Type	Origin	Details
Modular Integrated Communications Helmet	Combat Helmet	United States Vietnam	Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.^[5]
High Cut Helmet	Combat Helmet	United States Vietnam	Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and future infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.^[6]
PASGT Helmet	Combat Helmet	United States Vietnam	Limited use with Special Forces, Border Guards, and the Navy. They are gradually replacing older helmets in all branches of the Army. Most helmets are a Vietnamese-made version of the PASGT Helmet. Earlier models were imported from Israel.^[7]^[8]
Type A2 Helmet	Combat helmet	Vietnam	The PAVN's standard issue bump shell is a hard plastic replica of the PASGT helmets. It is used for training exercises and combat drill.
Vietnamese Pith Helmet	Helmet	Vietnam	Traditional standard issue hard hat, used as the army's utility and barracks cover. Commonly worn by enlisted members with their dress uniforms and during light training.
Utility Cover	Kepi	Vietnam	Standard issue soft cover, consisting of a four-point front panel and an elastic backstrap. The cap's camouflage print is worn matching with field fatigues during patrols.
SSh-68	Combat Helmet	Soviet Union	Limited use.
SSh-40	Combat Helmet	Soviet Union	Limited use.
M1 Helmet	Combat Helmet	United States	Limited use.
OD2M Night Vision Monocular	Night-vision device	Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.^[9]

Gas mask

Name	Type	Origin	Details
M40 field protective mask	Gas Mask	United States	^[10]^[11]
MV5	Gas Mask	Vietnam	Manufactured by Factory X61, it is a standard-issue chemical protective mask for soldiers. The MV-5 has a port for a drinking tube, and comes with a tube and canteen in its kit.^[11]
MF-14	Gas Mask	China	Use by Chemical Corp. ^[11]
GP-4u	Gas Mask	Soviet Union	Use by Chemical Corp, being replaced by MV-5 and others.
GP-5	Gas Mask	Soviet Union	Former issue to infantry soldier, being replaced by MV-5 and others.

Body Armor

Name	Type	Origin	Details
AG K51T Body Armour	Body armor	Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.^[12]The vest is equipped with armor plates capable of withstanding 7.62×25mm lead-core rounds.
AG K53T Body Armour	Body armor	Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.^[12]The vest is equipped with armor plates capable of withstanding 7,62×51mm amour-piercing round.
7.62 K56 Body Armour	Body armor	Vietnam	Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.^[12]The vest is equipped with armor plates capable of withstanding 7.62×39 rounds.
K23 armored vest	Body armor	Vietnam	Modern battle uniform for standard Vietnamese infantry featuring the capacity to carry 3 magazines, 4 hand grenades, and 4 rounds of 40mm grenade launcher ammunition. It is integrated with the MOLLE system and can accommodate 4 armor plates, including 2 hard plates and 2 soft plates. It will be standard issue in the future. Manufactured at the Z176 factory.^[13]
Combat Leather Pads	Knee Pads & Elbow Pads	Vietnam	Standard Issued along with the new K20 military uniform.^[14]
Marom Dolphin Fusion System	Body armor	Israel	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.^[15]
Flak jacket	Body armor	United States	Limited use by some infantry and anti-riot units

Camouflage Pattern

Name	Type	Origin	Details
K-07 Woodland	Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Replaced as the standard camo for ground forces by the K-17 Woodland. There are multiple variants of this Woodland camo in terms of slight differences in colors. Commonly used on training fatigues.^[16]^[17]
K-17 Woodland	Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Former standard-issue camouflage for ground forces. Similar coloration to the K-07, there are also multiple variants for the other branches of the military.^[18]^[19] Replaced by the K-20 and observed limited usage since 2020s.
K-17 Multi-Terrain	Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Used by Vietnamese forces deployed in arid and desert environment. Based on Multicam color schemes. Seen with Vietnamese troops undergoing peacekeeping missions in South Sudan with the United Nations.
K20 Pattern K21 Field Uniform^[20]	Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Standard issue as of 2021, the PAVN's K20 camouflage pattern was developed with more subdued coloration. The new uniform will consist of 5 different variants for each branches of service: Ground Forces, Border Guard, Air Defence - Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard.^[14]
Modified Duck Hunter Pattern	Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Replaced by the Ground Forces-colored K20 camouflage.
Thermal imaging anti-reconnaissance clothing	Camouflage pattern	Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.^[12]
U.S. Woodland	Camouflage pattern	United States	Limited use. Most commonly seen on old vests mix-matched with K07 uniform or K20
Ghillie suit	Ghillie suit	Vietnam	Used by the snipers and People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, manufactured locally. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.^[12]

Infantry Weapon

Weapons Attachment

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Origin	Details
Scopes
	ITL MARS	Red dot sight		Israel	Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor.
	Meprolight M21	Red dot sight		Israel	Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE
	Aimpoint PRO	Red dot sight		United States	Mounted on STV Rifles.^[21]
	Aimpoint CompM4	Red dot sight		United States	Mounted on AKM-1, limited use.^[22]
	KBN-SN	Red dot sight		Vietnam	Mounted on SN-19 and SN7N. Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
	KBN-M1	Red dot sight		Vietnam	Mounted on STV-380. Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
	Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight	Telescopic sight		United States	Mounted on Special Operations Assault Rifle, Tara TM4 rifle. Limited uses within Military Marksman Demonstration Team.^[23]
	KD41	Optical sight		Vietnam	Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
	N12	Optical sight		Vietnam	Mounted on SBT12M1 (KSVK 12.7).
	NL-91	Night vision sight	NL-92	Vietnam	Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE.^[24]
	KND-PKMSH	Night vision sight		Vietnam	Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
	KND-DKZ82-K65	Night vision sight		Vietnam	Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
	KND-SCT7	Night vision sight		Vietnam	Mounted on SCT-7 (RPG-9). Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
	KNN-SCT105M1	Night vision sight		Vietnam	Day-night sight. Mounted on SCT-105 (RPG-29).
	KD-RPK	Night vision sight		Vietnam	Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
Barrel
	CornerShot	Weapon accessory		Israel Vietnam	Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.^[25]^[26] There is a domestic copy.
Under Barrel
	OPL-40M	Grenade launcher	SPL40	Vietnam	Standard issue grenade launcher accompanying the STV-380 rifles.
	M203	Grenade launcher	T-40	United States Vietnam	Replaces the trigger for a lever. Mounts on the Galil ACE 32, STL-1A, M18, M16A2 and TAR-21.^[27] Manufactured locally as T-40 at the Z111 Factory.
	IWI GL 40	Grenade launcher		Israel Vietnam	Used by Naval Infantry Force. Manufactured locally.

Pistol

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
IWI Jericho 941	Semi-automatic pistol	9×19mm Parabellum		Israel Vietnam	Limited use in the army and police, they are being manufactured to slowly replace the K54 and K14VN pistols. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[26]^[28]^[29]
Glock	Semi-automatic pistol	9x19 Parabellum	Glock 19 Glock 34 SN-19 SN19-T SN7VN-M24	Austria Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces. SN-19 and SN19-T is a domestic copy. Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI) and Z111 Factory respectively. Derivative of Glock that uses steel frame and chambered in 7.62x25 mm. Can be attached with silencer and scope. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.
Makarov pistol	Semi-automatic pistol	9×18mm Makarov	Type 59 K59 (SN9)	Soviet Union China Vietnam	Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally as the K59 (SN9). Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).^[30]
CZ-82	Semi-automatic pistol	9×18mm Makarov		Czechoslovak Socialist Republic	Used by police officers. Limited use in the army.^[30]
TT-33	Semi-automatic pistol	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Type 54/K54 K14 SN7M SN7TD SN7N	Soviet Union China Vietnam	Standard issue service pistol (K14NV) used alongside the K54. This model is equipped with a longer barrel, and a double-stack magazine that holds an increased capacity of 13 rounds.^[31]^[32] Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. Standard issue service pistol. Manufactured locally as the K54 (from the Type 54 Chinese TT-33 copy), now being phased out by the new domestic K14. SN7M, SN7TD, and SN7N are all modernized versions of the TT pistols. The SN7M is a basic modernization, SN7TD24 has an integrated silencer, and SN7N has an intrinsic sight. All are manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).

Submachine Gun

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
PP-19 Bizon	Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum 7.62×25mm Tokarev	SN9P SN-7P	Russia Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. The locally produced version comes with a Galil-style stock, and is chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum.^[33]^[27] Manufactured locally as the SN9P at the Z111 Factory. The SN-7P is chambered in 7.62x25mm. Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
Uzi Pro	Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum		Israel Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Special Operation Force. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[34]
Micro Uzi	Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum	TL-K12	Israel Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[34] TL-K12 is the domestic copy, has slight changes. Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
CZ Scorpion Evo 3	Submachine gun	9×19mm Parabellum		Czech Republic	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.

Assault Rifle

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
STV	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	STV-215 STV-270 STV-380 STV-410 STV-416 STV-022	Vietnam	Standard issue rifle. The STV-215 is the carbine version of the STV-380, it has a barrel length of 215 mm.^[35]^[36] Developed and manufactured at the Z111 Factory. STV-380 muzzle can now be tweaked with various attachments. Can be equipped with indigenous KBN-M1 Red-dot sight. STV-410 and STV-416 were the disconnected variants. STV-416 manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI). The assault rifle STV-022 is different from the carbine gun variant. Equipped with a foldable Kalashnikov stock, grip around barrel is different. Carbine variant has no stock, often equipped with vertical grip, has picatinny rail around barrel, and seems to have flashlight attachment. Used by bodyguard unit under the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army and other units. Both manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.
Galil ACE	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	Galil ACE 31 Galil ACE 32	Israel Vietnam	The domestically made version has the charging handles located on the right side similar to traditional AK-47s. They have been replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the domestically manufactured STV-215/STV-380. The majority of them may have been transferred to Laos and since then rarely spotted in Vietnamese service.^[37]^[38]^[39] Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.
AKM	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	AKMS AKM-1 AKn	Soviet Union Vietnam	Old models are being converted to domestic AKM-1/AKn plasticized refurbishment. Succeeded and replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380.^[40]^[41] Manufactured locally with some new detail.^[42]
Type 56	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm		China Vietnam	Limited use. Refurbished to become AKn-equivalent and replaced as the standard-issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380.
AK-47	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm	STL-A1	Soviet Union Vietnam	Limited use. Refurbished domestically as STL-A1 with a polymer stock, polymer handguard, and side rail. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.
IWI Tavor TAR-21	Bullpup rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	TAR-21 GTAR-21	Israel	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Infantry.^[37]^[38]
M16 rifle	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	M16A1 M16A2 CAR-15	United States Vietnam	M16A1 and XM16E1 is used by Militia Forces in southern provinces. Upgraded and manufactured locally as the M16A2VN base on M16A1 and M18 with new stock and Picatinny rail.^[43] M16A2 used by Coast Guard in small numbers. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, Naval Infantry, and Coast Guard. Converted locally as the M18 at the Z111 Factory.
CZ 805 BREN	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO		Czech Republic	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
Special Operations Assault Rifle	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO		United States	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.^[44]
FN FNC	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO		Belgium	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.^[45]
Tara TM4	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO		Montenegro	Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.

Shotgun

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
	Remington Model 870	Shotgun	12 Gauge		United States
	Armsel Striker	Combat shotgun	12 Gauge		South Africa	Limited use.^[46]

Machine Gun

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
RPD	Light machine gun	7.62×39mm	RPD-44 STrL-D	Soviet Union Vietnam	Standard issue squad-level machine gun, modernized with picatinny and side accessory rails. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.
RPK	Light machine gun	7.62×39mm		Soviet Union Vietnam	Standard issue squad-level machine gun. Manufactured locally.
PKM	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR	PKT PKM PKMS ĐL7N	Soviet Union Vietnam	Standard issue machine gun, designed for use by motorized infantry squads and company-level infantry forces. Manufactured locally by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).^[47]
Kord	Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm		Russia	Use as tank-mounted machine gun on T-90.
NSV	Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm	6P49	Soviet Union Vietnam	Standard issue tank-mounted machine gun, also equipped for air defense battalions of infantry divisions. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory and Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).^[48]^[49] Replacing the DShK.
DShK	Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm	DShK-38 DShK 38/46 Type 54	Soviet Union	Equipped for air defense battalions of infantry divisions. Mounted on T-55 tanks. Currently being phased out by the NSV.
KPV	Heavy machine gun	14.5×114mm		Soviet Union	Mounted on armored vehicles or used as an anti-aircraft weapon.
IWI Negev	Light machine gun	5.56×45mm NATO 7.62×39mm	STrL-5.56 STrL-7.62	Israel Vietnam	Use by Naval Infantry, Vietnam People's NavyManufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. STrL-5.56 is the exact domestic copy. Uses PKM handle. Domestic copy is designated as STrL-7.62, chambered in 7.62x39mm. Has foldable stock, PKM handle, 1913 picatinny rail, and fluted barrel that can quickly be swapped.
FN Minimi Mk3	Light machine gun	5.56×45mm NATO		Belgium	Limited use in People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, Vietnam People's Navy, and Military Marksman Demonstration Team.^[50]
FN MAG	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO		Belgium	Limited use by Military Marksman and Demonstration Team.^[51]
M60	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO		United States	Used by PAVN. Limited use.
Mk 21 Mod 0	Medium machine gun	7.62×51mm NATO		United States	Limited use.

Sniper Rifle

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
IWI Galatz	Sniper rifle	7.62×51mm NATO	SBT-7.62VN	Israel Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[34] SBT-7.62VN has alterations to handguard, grip, stock, etc. The design is based on the SR-99.
Dragunov SVD	Designated marksman rifle	7.62×54mmR	SBT-7.62M1	Soviet Union Vietnam	Used by Naval Special Operation Force and Naval Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[52] SBT-7.62M1 is the modernized variant.
OSV-96	Anti-materiel rifle	12.7×108mm	SBT-12M1	Russia Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.^[53] SBT-12M1 is the domestic copy.
KSVK	Anti-materiel rifle	12.7×108mm	SBT12M1^[54]	Russia Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 and Z199 Factory as the SBT12M1 to suit local conditions.^[34] Can be equipped with indigenously made N12 optical sight 10x magnification.
Orsis Т-5000	Sniper rifle	7.62×51mm NATO .338LM .308 Winchester	SBT-7.62M2	Russia Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.^[55] SBT-7.62M2 is modernized with multiple picatinny rails on the barrel. Can be chambered in 7.62x51mm NATO and .308 Winchester. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.
Brügger & Thomet APR	Sniper rifle	7.62×51mm NATO .308 Winchester	APR308	Switzerland	Small amount are used by special reconnaissance forces of General Department of Defence Intelligence.^[56]
WKW Wilk	Anti-materiel rifle	.50 BMG		Poland	+50 examples were bought.^[57]

Mortar

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
STA-50 (Fly-K)	Light mortar	50 mm Mortar		Vietnam	Silenced mortar, inspired from Belgian design of Fly-K. Manufactured locally at Z117 Factory. Use by Special Forces^[58]
M2 mortar	Infantry mortar	60 mm Mortar	M2 Type 31 Type 63	United States	Indirect fire support weapons assigned to the fire support platoon of the infantry company.
82-PM-41	Mortar	82 mm Mortar	82-PM-41 Type 67	Soviet Union
SC100TX	Mortar	100 mm Mortar		Vietnam	Produce by Z125 Factory. Equipped within the 100mm mortar battalion of the infantry division, typically transported either by hand or motorized vehicles. It can be split into three parts–barrel, bipod, baseplate–each over 20 kg. Operated by a 4–5 man crew, it fires 8 kg shells including HE, smoke, and illumination types.^[59] Specs: Elevation: 45–80° Traversal rate (per second): 8° Fire rate (per minute): 15–20 rounds Range: 170–4,750 m (standard ammo), 6,000 m (ER ammo) Weight: 74 kg

Grenade launcher

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
AGS-30	Automatic grenade launcher	30×29mm Grenade	SPL-30	Russia Vietnam	Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory as the SPL-30. Unlicensed copy. 29 round capacity.
AGS-17	Automatic grenade launcher	30×29mm Grenade	SPL-17	Soviet Union Vietnam	Standard issue assigned to the fire support platoon of the infantry company. Manufactured locally at the Z125 Factory as the SPL-17.
Milkor MGL	Grenade launcher	40×46mm Grenade	MGL-VN1 (SPL-6)	South Africa Vietnam	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI) as the MGL-VN1 (SPL-6), SPL40L is the industry name.^[60] 6 round capacity.
M79	Grenade launcher	40×46mm Grenade	M79-VN	United States Vietnam	Standard issue greande launcher of squads level. Manufactured locally at the Z125 Factory as the M79-VN or SPL40 as its industry name.^[61] Currently replaced by OPL-40.

Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG) / Anti-Armor Weapon

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG)
	RPG-7V	Rocket-propelled grenade	40 mm HEAT	RPG7V-VN (SCT-7) SCT-7X	Soviet Union Vietnam	Standard squad-level anti-tank weapon. Internally codenamed B-41. Manufactured locally as RPG7V-VN or SCT-7. Can be equipped with indigenous KNND-SCT7 Day-night vision sight. SCT-7X has no rear grip, has a picatinny rail as substitute. Both manufactured at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI). Able to produce ammunition for launcher at Factory Z144 and Z131. Cost ~$280 for one rocket.
	M72 LAW	Anti-tank weapon	66 mm HEAT		United States	Modified to fire incendiary rounds, used by the Chemical Corps.
	RPO-A Shmel	Thermobaric rocket-propelled	93 mm FAE		Russia Vietnam	Only for chemical forces. Manufactured locally at Factory Z117.
	RPG-29	Rocket-propelled grenade	105 mm HEAT	SCT-29	Soviet Union Vietnam	Anti-tank weapon assigned to the fire support platoon of the infantry company. Manufactured locally under the name of SCT-29 at Factory Z117, Z125, and Z129.^[62]^[63] Also known as SCT-105 or SCT-105M1. Launcher can be equipped with locally made KNN-SCT105M1 day sights.
	RPG-30	Rocket-propelled grenade	105 mm HEAT		Russia Vietnam	Manufactured locally at Factory Z117.^[64]
Anti-tank Guided Missile
	9K111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot)	Wire-guided SACLOS missile	120 mm HEAT		Soviet Union Vietnam	Locally manufactures an upgraded 9P135 launcher.^[65] The launcher includes a day/night sight, laser rangefinder, remote control abilities, etc.
	9M14 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger)	Wire-guided SACLOS missile	125 mm HEAT	9M14P1-2F 9M14P1-2T CTVN-18	Soviet Union Vietnam	Manufactured locally under license from Serbia version with improved semi-automatic command to line of sight guidance. The domestic copy is known as the CTVN-18. CTVN-18 able to pierce up to 750–800 mm of RHA. Not as powerful as 9M14P1-2T, which can pierce 1,000 mm of RHA.
	9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandre)	Wire-guided SACLOS missile	135 mm HEAT		Soviet Union Vietnam	The upgraded 9P135M launcher also used for the 9M133 Konkurs. The Center for Precision Mechanical Technology hints at being capable of developing critical parts of the new generation of anti-tank missile.^[65]
Recoilless Rifle
	SPG-9	Anti-tank recoilless rifle	73 mm HEAT	SPG-9-T2	Soviet Union Vietnam	Anti-tank weapon assigned to the fire support platoon of the infantry company. Manufactured locally as SPG-9-T2 at Factory Z125 by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
	B-10	Anti-tank recoilless rifle	82 mm HEAT	B10VN	Soviet Union Vietnam	Manufactured locally as the DKZ82-B10 VN or B10VN for short. More similar to a Type 65 recoilless rifle.

Portable Anti-drone Weapon

Image	Model	Type	Origin	Details
^[66]	CA-18GL	Portable Anti-drone Weapon	Vietnam	CA-18GL flycam suppression device creates "artificial no-fly zone" by deceiving GPS signals, positioning, and navigation. Researched and produced by the Institute of System Integration.
	CAV-14	Portable Anti-drone Weapon	Vietnam	Description: Has two antennas that have spines Above antenna is something that looks like an ice cream sandwich on a stick Body of the gun is angular and bulky Unknown where they're made. If necessary, move to development section.
	VCU/3P	Portable Anti-drone Weapon	Vietnam	Description: Weapon is notably angular Seems to have exhaust panels just above the trigger Possibly 5 buttons behind the exhaust Above exhaust features a supposed screen Shown at the Viettel booth at the 2024 Defense Expo. If necessary, move to development section. Produced and developed by Viettel.

Munition

Grenade

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Origin	Details
	LĐ-01	Hand grenade		Vietnam	Domestically produced grenade, produced at Factory Z115. Issued to the Army and Navy. Based off of the American M67 hand grenade. Specs: Lethal radius (m): ≤ 5 Radius (m): ≥ 100

Loitering munition

Image	Model	Type	Origin	Details
^[67]	UAV-BXL.01	Loitering munition	Vietnam	Appearance resembles ZALA Lancet loitering munition. Specs: Range: 10 km Endurance: 10 minutes Speed: ≤ 100 - 120 km/h (cruising), ≤ 150 km/h (attack) Operational altitude (above ground level): 150 - 500 m Max altitude (above mean sea level): 1 km Max take-off weight: 10 kg Warhead weight: 1.2 kg CEP: ≤ 3 m Control mode: Automatic, manual Penetration: ≤ 250 mm Production year: 2024 Operational features: Automatic search, identify, lock targets, uses magnetic sensors. Produce at Factory Z131.
^[68]	UAV-QXL.01	Loitering munition	Vietnam	Quadcopter loitering munition. Specs: Range: 10 km Endurance: 10 minutes Speed: ≤ 60 - 80 km/h (cruising), ≤ 100 km/h (attack) Operational altitude (above ground level): 150 - 500 m Max altitude (above mean sea level): 1 km Max take-off weight: 8 kg Warhead weight: 1.2 kg CEP: ≤ 2 m Control mode: Automatic, manual Penetration: ≤ 250 mm Production year: 2024 Produce at Factory Z131.
^[69]	VU-C2	Loitering munition	Vietnam	Can be tube launched and controlled remotely. Resembles the Raytheon Coyote drone. Specs: Wingspan: 1.5 m Length: 1.1 m Endurance: 40 minutes Speed: 120 - 130 km/h Max take-off weight: 8 kg Take-off method: Canister or pneumatic launcher Produced and developed by Viettel.

Ground Vehicle

Tank

Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
T-90	Main battle tank	T-90S T-90SK	64^[70]	Russia	The T-90SK is the commander's version. All are stationed in the North under the 201st Brigade. There are only 2 battalions.
T-54/55	Main battle tank	Type-59 T-54M/55M^[71]	440^[72] 350^[72] ~410	Soviet Union China Soviet Union Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	Currently around 310 T-54/55 tanks undergo refits and upgrades to Vietnamese/Israeli T-54M/55M modernized program at Z153 factory. As of January 2024, 100 tanks have been upgraded to the T-54M/55M standard in stage 1. The quantity of T-54/55 have shrank down to around 440 units from 850. There are around 350 units of Type-59. Unknown if any have been upgraded or are capable of upgraded with the modernization plan. The T-54M/55M is an upgraded variant of the T-54/55 that's equipped with the TIFCS-3BU Fire Control System from Indra, new 1000 hp engine, and locally manufactured Explosive Reactive Armor. Armed with a 100 mm D-10T2S rifled cannon, 7.62 mm PKT, and 12.7 mm DShKM / NSV. Upgrade done at Factory Z153.^[73] Vietnam is now capable of domestically producing its own FCS, it is designated as the S-FCS.
T-62	Main battle tank	T-62	70^[74]	Soviet Union
Type-63	Amphibious Light tank	Type-63	150^[75]	China	Called PT-85 in local service because of its 85 mm gun, similar to the PT-76.
PT-76	Amphibious Light tank	PT-76	300^[72]	Soviet Union Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	Has domestic production/refurbishment line at Factory X70. Practically every component is replaced with its local counterpart/copy. Notable mentions include FCS, laser range finder, thermals, optics, radios, track links, and a turbocharged engine. Plans to include laser range finder and thermals was likely been a prototype that was abandoned in 2022.
T-34	Medium tank	T-34-85	45^[76]	Soviet Union	Used only for training, coastal defense, and doesn't operate on the mainland. 76.2 mm tank gun. Still being maintenance.

Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV)

Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
BMP-1	Infantry fighting vehicle	BMP-1	300^[77]	Soviet Union
BMP-2	Infantry fighting vehicle	BMP-2	300^[77]	Soviet Union
XCB-01	Infantry fighting vehicle		(+18)	Vietnam	Domestic adaptation of the BMP-1 and BMP-2. It features domestically a produced 2A28 Grom gun with upgraded gun sights and a magazine system, FCS system, laser rangefinder, thermal sight, dual channel day/night sight, IR warning receivers, and auto deploying smoke grenades. Specs: Crew: 3 + 8 troops Weight empty/combat (respectively) in metric tons: 12.7 & 14.85 Length/Width/Height (respectively) in meter: 6.95 / 3.25 / 2.14 Ground Clearance: ≥ 370 mm Max speed on road/water/reverse (respectively) in km/h: 65 / 7 / 2 Engine (hp): 300

Armored Personnel Carrier (APC)

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
Armored Personnel Carrier (Wheeled)
	GAZ-59037A	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier			Russia	Used in natural disaster rescue and response missions.^[78]
	BTR-40	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier		1,100^[79]	Soviet Union
	BTR-60	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier	BTR-60PB		Soviet Union	Used by both Army and Naval Marines.
	BTR-152	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier			Soviet Union	Being upgraded with new diesel engine.^[80] One is converted to an armored ambulance to support the field hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, as a part of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan.
Armored Personnel Carrier (Tracked)
	MT-LB	Armoured personnel carrier			Soviet Union	Was seen used by artillery troops preparing for the 2020 International Army Games.^[81]
	BTR-50	Armoured personnel carrier	BTR-50PK	280^[82]	Soviet Union
	M113	Armoured personnel carrier		200^[72]	United States	Equipped with DShK or NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and sometimes with the SPG-9. 1970s photos show M40 recoilless rifles from capture.
	M106 mortar carrier	Mortar carrier			United States	Self-propelled 107 mm mortars сaptured in the Vietnam War.
	Type 63	Armoured personnel carrier		80^[72]	China

Armored Car

Model	Type	Quantity	Origin	Details
Dongfeng EQ2050	Military light utility vehicle		China	Used by Engineers at United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei.^[83]
Cadillac V-100	Armoured scout car		United States	Upgraded by the Military Mechanical Engineering Institute with assistance from Z751 factory to replace old and worn out parts after Vietnam was reunified with American-made weapons replaced with Russian-based weapons.^[84]^[85] Acquired through capturing them in the Vietnam War.^[86]
BRDM-2	Armoured scout car	200^[87]	Soviet Union

Artillery

Towed Artillery

Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
D-44	85 mm field gun	D-44 PTH85D44-VN18	2,300 ^[88]	Soviet Union Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	The D-44 may be put into reserves soon as the ammunition it uses is unconventional and not standardized. The production of this ammo type will cease in the future and so will the service of the D-44. The PTH85D44-VN18 is a mobile artillery unit that contains a D-44 artillery gun mounted on a Ural-375 6x6 truck. This may just be a prototype that never went into full production.
M101	105 mm towed howitzer	M101 M2A1 PTH-105		United States Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	Received modernization. The PTH-105 is a truck mounted artillery gun prototype. The M101 artillery gun is mounted on a Ural truck. Also used for ceremonial purposes.
D-74^[89]	122 mm field gun	D-74 Type 60		Soviet Union	While the current number is, the Soviet Union provided 200 pieces of the D-74 from 1970 - 1971 and China provided 100 pieces of the Type-60 (Chinese made version of D-74) in 1974.^[90] Some were most likely lost in combat.
D-30	122 mm towed howitzer			Soviet Union	While the current number in service is unclear, the Soviet Union provided 50 pieces of the D-30 in 1974.^[90] Some may have been taken out of service over the years.
M-46	130 mm field gun	M-47 Type 59 PTH130-K225B		Soviet Union China Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	While the current number in service is unclear, the Soviet Union provided 519 pieces of the M-46 from 1968 to 1973.^[90] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. Type 59 is a licensed copy from China. The PTH130-K225B is domestic self-propelled artillery prototype. Efforts be made to produce projectile that extends the range from 27 km to 30–40 km.
D-20	152 mm towed gun-howitzer			Soviet Union	While the current number in service is unclear, the Soviet Union provided 500 pieces of the D-20 from 1966 to 1970.^[90] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years.

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
	2S1 Gvozdika	122 mm self-propelled artillery	2S1 Gvozdika PTH-01	30+	Soviet Union Vietnam	Unlicensed copy known as PTH-01 at Factory Z189. Still in prototype stage. Domestic turret and cannon made by Z125 factory.
	2S3 Akatsiya	152 mm self-propelled artillery		30^[91]	Soviet Union

Rocket / Missile Artillery

Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
BM-21	122 mm multiple rocket launcher		350^[72]	Soviet Union Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	Received modernization. Launcher can be aimed digitally along with other digitalization upgrades. Monitor displays type of ammunition selected. Can produce the rockets of the BM-21.
BM-14	140 mm multiple rocket launcher	BM-14MM BM-14-17M	<100^[92]	Soviet Union	100 launchers exported from the USSR in 1965-1966 period.^[92]^[93]^[94]
SS-1 Scud Missile Launcher	Tactical ballistic missile	Scud B Scud C Scud D Hwasong-5 Hwasong-6	24^[95]	Soviet Union Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	Tactical ballistic missile TEL. 100 Hwasong-6 missiles and many more Scud missiles. Received domestic upgrades that increased range and reduced Circular Error Probable (CEP).

Air Defense

The Military Balance of 2024 from the International Institute for Strategic Studies reported that Vietnam possessed approximately 12,000 guns, including ZSU-23-4 and towed anti-aircraft artillery in calibers of 14.5mm, 30mm, 37mm, 57mm, 85mm, and 100mm. The 85mm gun is possibly the KS-12/K-52. Additionally, Vietnam had a point defense system comprising the 9K32 Strela-2, 9K310 Igla-1, and 9K38 Igla.^[96]

Point-defence

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
	9K32 Strela-2	Man-portable air-defense system	72 mm	9K32M Strela-2M	Soviet Union	Designed to counter against low flying targets with its passive infrared homing guidance system.
	9K38 Igla	Man-portable air-defense system	72 mm	9K130 Igla-1 9K338 Igla-S TL-01	Soviet Union Vietnam	Produced at Z131 Factory, the TL-01 is a domestic copy of the Igla-S man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS), manufactured under license with technology transferred from Russia. Specs of TL-01: Range: 5 km Weight: 17 kg

Anti-aircraft Artillery

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
ZPU	Anti-aircraft gun	14.5×114 mm	ZPU-2 ZPU-4	12,000	Soviet Union	The ZPU is a family of anti-aircraft guns with multiple variants. It appears that the double and quadruple-barrel versions were used in Vietnam during its wars.^[97]^[98]
ZU-23-2	Twin Autocannon	23x152mmB	23mm-2M 23mm-2ML		Soviet Union Israel Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	The 23mm-2M variant upgrade included cabin for gunner, electromechanic turn system, modern control systems, and potentially a ballistic computer and fire-control system. This project was jointly carried out by Israel and Vietnam. Similar to the 23mm-2M, the 23mm-2ML additionally includes optronics sensor, laser rangefinder, and potentially a digital fire-control system. Further modernization projects includes installing the platform on logistic trucks and adding an automatic control system that's being developed.
ZSU-23-4 Shilka	Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun	23x152mmB	ZSU-23-4M1		Soviet Union Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	Modernization upgrade includes 4 Igla SAM launchers, digital fire-control system, thermal camera, day-night camera, laser range finder, electro-optic vision, improved weapon radar, replaced mechanical transmission with hydrostatic transmission, added hydraulic boosters, and significant speed improvement to turret traversal.
61-K	Autocannon	37×252 mmSR	Type 55 Type 65		Soviet Union Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	Modernized with a fire-control system and radar.
AZP S-60	Autocannon	57×347mmSR^[99]			Soviet Union Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	The Vietnamese heavily upgraded the AZP S-60 by equipping it with a fire-control system with radar, optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment, an electromechanical gun control complex, and a digital firing element identification system connected to a computer. Has an LCD screen. It can operate without a gunner, is fully automatic, and no longer needs to be manually reloaded.^[100] Modernized for VPK-57 project. Fire-control system integrated with X-band AESA radar.
KS-19	Towed Anti-aircraft gun	100×695 mm			Soviet Union	Used during Vietnam war.^[101] Still in service according to Military Balance of 2024.^[96]

Electronic Warfare (EW)

Established in 2023, the Department of Electronic Warfare is a part of the Vietnam People's Army.^[102]

Model	Type	Variant	Origin	Details
GBR-EAS	Ground Based Radar - Electronic Attack System		Spain	Passive Surveillance and Analysis. Mainly operates in 2-18 GHz, other options uses lower frequency bands.^[103] Electronic Defence: Area Protection High Value Asset Protection Self-Protection Electronic Attack: Jamming, coherent and noise based Deception Generation of false targets Collaborative techniques Brought from Indra Sistemas.
C-UAS	Ku-band 3D VRS-U3K Drone-counter Radar		Vietnam	Counter unmanned aerial systems. Produced and developed by Viettel.
V-EMP/S	Ground-Based High-power Microwave Directed Energy Weapon		Vietnam	Designed to deal with aerial systems. Produced and developed by Viettel.
VCUS/C	Compact Counter-UAV System		Vietnam	EW system is mounted on a Ford pick up truck. Produced and developed by Viettel.
VCUS/E	Mobile Tactical Anti-drone Reconnaissance Complex		Vietnam	Composed of two systems, the VCUS/M and other unknown system. The unclassified system is based on a KAMAZ 6x6 truck chassis. Mounted on the truck is an array radar but it is smooth. Generates high-power electronic pulses at high frequencies that has the ability to compromise electronics. Produced and developed by Viettel.
VERA Passive Sensor	Passive Surveillance ESM System	VERA-NG	Czech Republic	VERA-NG systems were imported and entered operation since 2015.^[104] Acquired and commissioned by the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army Department of Electronic Warfare since 2021.

CBRN Reconnaissance

Model	Type	Origin	Details
Inspector-1000	Dosimeter	United States	^[105]
Inficon Hapsite ER	Portable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry	United States	^[105]
RBH-18	CBRN reconnaissance robot	Vietnam	^[106]
UAZ-469RH	CBRN reconnaissance vehicle	Soviet Union	Modified version of UAZ-469 for nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) resistance.^[107]
BRDM-2RKh	CBRN reconnaissance vehicle	Soviet Union	Modified version of BRDM-2 for nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) resistance. A radiological-chemical reconnaissance vehicle equipped with two KZO-2 dispensers for deploying warning poles and flags around contaminated areas. It carries specialized equipment including an automatic gas detector (GSA-12), a dosimeter (DP-5V), a Geiger counter (DP-3B), a decontamination system (DK-4K), and semi-automatic chemical detection devices (PPKhR and VPKhR). ^[108]

Engineering / Logistic / Utility Vehicle

Image	Model	Type	Quantity	Origin	Details
Engineering Vehicle
	BREM-1M	Armoured recovery vehicle		Russia	Based on T-90 chassis.^[109]
	TMM-3M	Armoured vehicle-launched bridge		Russia
	MS-20 Daglezja	Armoured vehicle-launched bridge	4^[110]	Poland
	Schweres Rüstfahrzeug (SRF)	Rescue vehicle		Germany
	MT-LB	Artillery reconnaissance		Soviet Union
	BTS-4	Armoured recovery vehicle		Soviet Union	Said to still be widely used and regularly maintenance.
	PTS-M	Tracked amphibious transport		Soviet Union
	GSP-55 [ru]	Self-propelled amphibious ferry	3	Soviet Union	Operated by 575th Engineer Brigade.^[111]
	PMP Floating Bridge	Pontoon bridge	≥1	Soviet Union	At least one equipped for 414th Engineer Brigade^[112]
	VSN-1500	Motor canoe		Vietnam	Equipped for engineer units as a light troop transport canoe.^[113]
	BMK-150	Motor canoe		Soviet Union	Equipped for pontoon bridge units.
	AT-L	Artillery tractor		Soviet Union
	ATS-59G	Artillery tractor		Soviet Union
	IMR-2	Armoured engineering vehicle	2	Soviet Union	Based on T-72 chassis.
	EOV-4421	Military Excavator		Soviet Union
	PZM-2	Trencher		Soviet Union
	M548	Artillery tractor		United States
	M578	Armored recovery vehicle		United States
Logistic Vehicle
	KamAZ 43118	Military Truck		Russia Vietnam	Domestically manufacture.^[114]^[115] Replacing older Ural trucks.^[116]
	KamAZ 65224	Military Truck		Russia Vietnam	Domestically manufacture.^[114]^[115] Replacing older Ural trucks.^[116]
	KamaZ-43253	Military Truck		Russia Vietnam	Domestically manufacture.^[114]^[115] Replacing older Ural trucks.^[116]
	KamAZ-5350	Military Truck		Russia Vietnam	A part of the VCS-01 Trường Sơn coastal defense system.^[117]
	KamAZ-6560	Military Truck		Russia Vietnam	A part of the VCS-01 Trường Sơn coastal defense system.^[117]
	KamAZ-4350	Military Truck		Russia	^[118]
	KamAZ-4326	Military Truck		Russia	^[118]
	GAZ-3308 Sadko	Military Truck		Russia	^[118]
	KZKT-7428	Artillery tractor		Russia	Using for transport tanks and heavy equipment.^[119]
	Ural-4320	Military Truck		Soviet Union	^[118]
	MAZ-6317	Military Truck		Belarus	Use to tow artillery.
	Isuzu F-Series	Military Truck		Japan
	Hyundai HD170	Military Truck		South Korea
	MAN HX58	Military Truck		Germany	Used as the chassis for the SPYDER
	Renault ME160	Military Truck		France	Used by 410th Battalion, 683rd Transportation Brigade.^[120]
	ZIL-130	Military truck		Soviet Union
	ZIL-131	Military Truck		Soviet Union
	ZIL-157	Military Truck		Soviet Union
	GAZ-66	Military Truck		Soviet Union
	Ural-375	Military Truck		Soviet Union
	KrAZ-255	Military Truck		Soviet Union
	KrAZ-6322	Military Truck		Ukraine	Used for towing artillery and transporting pontoon bridges.^[121]
	MAZ-537	Artillery tractor		Soviet Union	Using for transport tanks and heavy equipment.
Utility Vehicle
	Toyota Land Cruiser	SUV	Unknown	Japan	Used by high-ranking officers.
	Ford Transit	Van		GER (design) THA Vietnam (Manufacturing place)	Used by Army's communication force.^[122]
	Toyota Hilux	Pickup truck		Japan (design) THA Vietnam (Manufacturing place)	Used by Military control force.
	Toyota Innova	Light utility vehicles		Japan (design) IDN THA (Manufacturing place)	Used by Army officers.
	Mitsubishi Pajero	Utility Vehicle		Japan THA AUT (Manufacturing place)	Used by Army's communication force.^[123]
	UAZ-469	Military light utility vehicle		Soviet Union

Former

Infantry Weapon

Pistol

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
	M1911A1	Semi-automatic pistol	.45 ACP 7.62×25mm Tokarev		United States Vietnam	Captured US M1911A1s in .45 ACP used by the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army during Vietnam War. Locally manufactured copies chambered in 7.62×25mm Tokarev. Stored in reserves.
	Browning Hi-Power	Semi-automatic pistol	9×19mm Parabellum		Belgium	Stored in reserves for shooting ranges.

Submachine Gun

Model	Type	Caliber	Origin	Details
PPSh-41	Submachine gun	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union	Store in reserve.
PPS submachine gun	Submachine gun	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union	Store in reserve.
PM-63	Machine pistol/Submachine gun	9×18mm Makarov	Polish People's Republic	Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Guard Police. Retired, may still be in reserve.
Škorpion	Submachine gun	.32 ACP	Czechoslovak Socialist Republic	Formerly used by the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong. Potentially transferred to Militia.

Rifle

Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
AMD-65	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm		Hungarian People's Republic	Limited use. Does still seem used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces in 2010s
vz. 58	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm		Czechoslovakia	Limited use.^[124]
Type 63	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm		China	Used by Militia and Self-defense Forces.
Type 58	Assault rifle	7.62x39mm		North Korea	Sent as military aid by North Korea during the Vietnam War. Limited use.
SKS	Semi-automatic rifle	7.62×39mm		Soviet Union	Used by Honor Guards, Militia Forces, and Ceremonial Purposes.^{[citation needed]}
M1 Carbine	Carbine	.30 carbine		United States	Largely captured after Vietnam War^[125]. Stored in reserves.
M1 Garand	Battle rifle	7.62×51mm NATO		United States	Largely captured after Vietnam War. Stored in reserves.
M14	Battle rifle	7.62×51mm NATO		United States	Largely captured after Vietnam War. Stored in reserves.
Lee-Enfield	Bolt-action rifle	.303 British	SBT7MK4	British Empire Vietnam (maintenance, parts replaced)	Limited used by Militia Forces.^[126] Modernized as the SBT7MK4, chamber in 7.62x51mm NATO.

Machine Gun

Model	Type	Caliber	Origin	Details
MG 34	General-purpose machine gun	7.92×57mm Mauser	Nazi Germany	Used by the NVA and Vietcong in the Vietnam War^[127]
Uk vz. 59	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR	Czechoslovakia	Used by PAVN and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.
Type 67	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR	China	Used by PAVN and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.
TUL-1	Light machine gun	7.62×39mm	Vietnam	Vietnamese TUL-1 light machine gun used the frame of Chinese Type 56 assault rifle but with stock of an RPK, barrel sights from an RPD and 30-round magazine used on the AK-47/Type 56, there are rare 40-round magazines. The TUL-1 body was thin, only 1 mm compared to the 1.5 mm of an RPK. It was also heavier and had an inferior rate of fire compared to the RPK. However, the firing rate and effective range of the weapon was successfully better than that of an AK-47/Type 56. The TUL-1 LMGs were manufactured between 1970–1974 and ended after Vietnam obtained production rights to the RPK itself.

Sniper Rifle

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
	PSL	Designated marksman rifle	7.62×54mmR		Socialist Republic of Romania	May have been retired and replaced by IWI Galatz.

Mortar

Model	Type	Caliber	Origin	Details
M1 mortar	Infantry mortar	81 mm Mortar	United States
M29 mortar	Infantry mortar	81 mm Mortar	United States
M1938	Mortar	107 mm Mortar	Soviet Union
PM-43	Mortar	120 mm Mortar	Soviet Union	Stored in reserves.
M1943	Mortar	160 mm Mortar	Soviet Union	Stored in reserves.

Anti-Tank Weapon / Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG)

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Origin	Details
Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG)
	RPG-2	Rocket-propelled grenade	40 mm HEAT	Soviet Union	Internally codenamed B-40. Store in reserve.
Recoilless Rifle
	B-11	Anti-tank recoilless rifle	82 mm HEAT	Soviet Union	Stored in reserves.
	M-40	Anti-tank recoilless rifle	105 mm HEAT	United States	Stored in reserves.

Artillery

Towed Artillery

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
	M-30^[128]	122 mm field gun			Soviet Union	While the current number is, the Soviet Union provided 450 pieces of the M-30 from 1964 - 1969.^[90] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. Stored in reserves.
	M114	155 mm towed howitzer			United States	Stored in reserves.

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
	ASU-85	85 mm assault gun			Soviet Union	The 2018 Military Balance reports that Vietnam is no longer an operator of the ASU-85.^[129]

Air Defense

Anti-aircraft Artillery

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
	8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41	88 mm anti-aircraft gun	88×571mmR			Nazi Germany	Beginning in 1954 the Democratic Republic of Vietnam received a number of Flak 88s from the Soviet Union. These cannons were used against US fighter jets in the early 60s
	ZSU-57-2	57 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun	57×347mmSR^[99]	ZSU-57-2	500	Soviet Union	Store in reserve.

Development

This section will include weapons that are in the planning, development, or testing phase. It is important to note that not all the weapons in this particular section will progress to the point of being procured. To avoid confusion, existing weapon systems that are being modified or upgraded should have their progress recorded in the notes section and not moved to the development section.

Development completed

Development ongoing

Development cancelled

Infantry Weapon

Assault Rifle

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
	STL-556VN	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO		Vietnam	Chambered in 5.56x45mm NATO. Has foldable, adjustable stock and continuous picatinny rail on top. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.
	SHMT-M1	Underwater rifle	5.56×45mm NATO flechettes		Vietnam	Designed to fire under or around water. Has gas regulator to seamlessly cycle water in and out. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.

Mortar

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
		Semi-automatic mortar	100 mm Mortar		Vietnam	A semi-automatic mortar based on the standard issue SC100TX. The weapon system is domestically produced and designed to be mounted on a vehicle. Specs: Range: 6 – 10 km Fire rate (per minute): 6 - 10 Weight: 1.6 tons

Ground Vehicles

Armored Personnel Carrier (APC)

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
	XTC-02	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier			Vietnam	4x4 APC that can carry a driver, commander, and 10 other people; 12 people in total. Seems to be amphibious and might include a remote controlled weapons station.^[130]
	XTC-08	Wheeled armoured personnel carrier			Vietnam	8x8 armored personnel carrier (APC) equipped with a waterjet propulsion system for amphibious operations. The engine is front-mounted, and the vehicle is capable of carrying 8 fully equipped infantry soldiers, featuring a rear ramp door for troop entry and exit.

Artillery

Rocket / Missile Artillery

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
		Multiple Launch Rocket System			Vietnam	According to leaked images, the system is mounted on a KamAZ 8x8 chassis, featuring modular launch tubes based on the M270 design.
	Z113 Rocket Launcher	70 mm multiple rocket launcher			Vietnam	Produced by Z113 Factory and showcased at the Vietnam Defense Expo 2024. System is mounted on a Toyota pickup truck and weighs 750 kg. Specs of rocket: Range: 5 – 7 km Weight of warhead: 4.0 - 4.5 kg Length: 950 – 975 mm Capacity: 40 rounds Fire rate: 120 rounds/minute Control mode: Remote or manual Operational features: Rocket can be impact or proximity fuse, laser range finder

Procurement

Procurement completed

Procurement ongoing

Procurement cancelled

Infantry Weapon

Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG) / Anti-Armor Weapon

Image	Model	Type	Caliber	Variant	Origin	Details
Anti-tank guided missile
	Spike	Anti-tank guided missile	130-170 mm		Israel	Vietnam in talks with Rafael to build a domestic anti-tank Spike missile production facility, worth approximately $500 million.^[131]

Ground Vehicle

In May 2002, Vietnam and Ukraine reached an agreement of military technical co-operation which extended to 2005. Accordingly, Ukraine will support Vietnam primarily to upgrade its armor and artillery, and improve weapons co-production and repair facilities.^[132] In addition to upgrading tanks, the Ministry of Defence of Vietnam signed a military co-operation agreement with Russia. The Vietnamese have also developed the capacity to produce their own equipment and repair existing equipment.

Tank

Model	Type	Quantity	Origin	Details
T-72	Main battle tank	150	Soviet Union Poland	In early March 2005, Poland signed a contract to sell to Vietnam 150 T-72 tanks which would have been used to support training, ammunition, equipment maintenance, and repair, but this contract was cancelled in 2006 because Vietnam wanted to focus more on its Navy and Air Force.^[132]
T-54/55	Main battle tank		Soviet Union Israel	In 2006, Israel reported to the United Nations Register Organization of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) that two of its light armoured vehicles had been sold to Vietnam.^[133] A number of Israeli companies won a bid to modernize and upgrade T-54/55 tanks as well as establishing factories in the country. Israel's program includes upgrading armor, night vision system and a fire control system upgrade (produced in Poland).
T-54/55	Main battle tank	70	Soviet Union Finland	In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence of Finland ceded to Vietnam about 70 T-54 and T-55 tanks from the Soviet era.^[134]

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

Image	Model	Type	Variant	Quantity	Origin	Details
	K9 Thunder	155 mm self-propelled artillery		20	South Korea	Vietnam is in talks with South Korea to acquire the K9 Thunder Self-propelled Howitzer to replace its aging mobile artillery fleet.^[135] Vietnam in the process of completing $300 million for K9 Thunder SPH. Purchase includes 20 units of K9 Thunder and a number of K10 ammunition transport vehicles. Vietnam also interested in technology transfer.^[136]

References

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Personal equipment

Combat Helmet / Helmet Accessories

Infantry Weapon

Weapons Attachment

Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG) / Anti-Armor Weapon

Munition

Grenade

Loitering munition

Ground Vehicle

Artillery

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

Rocket / Missile Artillery

Air Defense

Electronic Warfare (EW)

CBRN Reconnaissance

Engineering / Logistic / Utility Vehicle

Former

Infantry Weapon

Pistol

Submachine Gun

Rifle

Machine Gun

Sniper Rifle

Mortar

Anti-Tank Weapon / Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG)

Artillery

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

Air Defense

Anti-aircraft Artillery

Development

Infantry Weapon

Mortar

Ground Vehicles

Armored Personnel Carrier (APC)

Artillery

Rocket / Missile Artillery

Procurement

Infantry Weapon

Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG) / Anti-Armor Weapon

Ground Vehicle

Tank

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

See also

References