House of Bamboo

House of Bamboo
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Samuel Fuller
Screenplay by	Harry Kleiner Samuel Fuller
Based on	The Street with No Name (1948 film) by Harry Kleiner
Produced by	Buddy Adler
Starring	Robert Ryan Robert Stack Shirley Yamaguchi Cameron Mitchell
Cinematography	Joseph MacDonald
Edited by	James B. Clark
Music by	Leigh Harline
Production company	20th Century Fox
Distributed by	20th Century Fox
Release dates	July 1, 1955 (1955-07-01) (New York City) July 13, 1955 (1955-07-13) (Los Angeles)
Running time	102 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$1,380,000
Box office	$1.7 million (US)

House of Bamboo is a 1955 American film noir directed by Samuel Fuller, from a screenplay co-written with Harry Kleiner, and starring Robert Ryan, Robert Stack, Yoshiko Yamaguchi (credited as 'Shirley Yamaguchi'), Cameron Mitchell, and Sessue Hayakawa.

Set and principally filmed on-location in Japan, it follows an undercover American agent (Stack) infiltrating a gang of ex-American servicemen operating in Tokyo. The screenplay is an uncredited reworking of the 1948 film The Street with No Name (1948).

The film was released by 20th Century Fox on July 1, 1955.

Plot

A military train guarded by American soldiers and Japanese police is robbed of its cargo of guns, ammunition, and smoke bombs. During the robbery, a U.S. Army sergeant guarding the train is shot and killed. Five weeks later, a thief named Webber lies dying in a Tokyo hospital, shot by one of his own cohorts during a holdup in which smoke bombs were used. Army investigators discover Webber was shot by the same P38 pistol that killed the sergeant during the train robbery. Webber is questioned by military and police investigators, who discover among his possessions a letter from an American named Eddie Spanier, who wants to join Webber in Japan after his release from a U.S. prison. Though Webber refuses to implicate his fellow gang members, he does reveal that he is secretly married to a Japanese woman named Mariko Nagoya.

Three weeks later, Eddie arrives in Tokyo and makes contact with Mariko, gaining her trust with a photograph of himself taken with Webber, and learns about Webber's death. Mariko admits that Webber made her swear to keep their marriage a secret; she did not know about his criminal life and never sought help from the police out of fear that she could be targeted by his killers. Later, Eddie goes to a pachinko parlor and attempts to shakedown the manager. But when he tries to shake down another parlor, he is beaten by a group of Americans led by racketeer Sandy Dawson, who is so intrigued with Eddie's audacity that he later arranges for him to join his gang, a group of disgruntled former American servicemen who have been dishonorably discharged. After being accepted into the gang, Eddie secretly meets with U.S. and Japanese investigators, for whom he is actually working undercover. To solidify his cover, Eddie asks Mariko to live with him as his "kimono girl." Hoping to discover who killed Webber, Mariko consents to Eddie's offer, and the two slowly begin to fall in love. In the meantime, Sandy grows to trust Eddie and even saves his life when Eddie is wounded during a robbery, surprisingly disregarding his own rule to shoot wounded gang members and leave them for dead.

Eddie finally informs Mariko of his real identity – he is actually U.S. Army Sergeant Edward Kenner and is working as an undercover infiltrator into the Dawson gang. Mariko pledges to continue to assist Eddie in his investigation. When Charlie, one of Sandy's men, spies Mariko meeting with an American army officer to fill him in on the details of the Dawson gang's next heist, he notifies Sandy, and the job is thus aborted. However, an outside informant, Ceram, reveals to Sandy that (a) the police are poised to capture him and that (b) Eddie is a military plant. Sandy thus sets up Eddie's death with a fake robbery; he has Charlie knock Eddie unconscious and props him as the shop robber so that he will be shot by the police; but that plan backfires when Charlie is shot while trying to keep Eddie upright. Sandy is chased by the police and a recovered Eddie to a rooftop amusement park. After an intense gunfight, Eddie shoots and kills Sandy.

The film ends with Eddie and Mariko being reunited.

Cast

• Robert Ryan as Sandy Dawson
• Robert Stack as Edward Kenner / Eddie Spanier
• Yoshiko Yamaguchi as Mariko Nagoya-Webber (as 'Shirley Yamaguchi')
• Cameron Mitchell as Griff
• Brad Dexter as Capt. Hanson
• Sessue Hayakawa as Insp. Kita
  • Richard Loo as Kita's voice (uncredited)
• DeForest Kelley as Charlie
• Biff Elliot as Webber
• Sandro Giglio as Ceram
• Elko Hanabusa as the screaming Japanese woman

Uncredited

• DeForest Kelley as Charlie
• Harry Carey Jr as John
• Teru Shimada as Nagoya
• Reiko Sato as Charlie's girl

Background

Development

House of Bamboo was one of a number of 20th Century Fox movies produced by Buddy Adler being shot on location in Asia around this time. Others included Soldier of Fortune, The Left Hand of God, and Love is a Many Splendored Thing. It was the second CinemaScope Fox film that Samuel Fuller made for the studio. The working title of the film was The Tokyo Story. Fuller and Harry Kleiner's screenplay was reworked from the latter's 1948 film The Street with No Name.

Casting

The film was one of a handful of American film roles for Japanese actress Yoshiko Yamaguchi (under the Anglicized stage name 'Shirley Yamaguchi') during the 1950s. Prior to 1945, Yamaguchi had been a star of Japanese propaganda films in occupied China, under a fictive Chinese identity, Li Hsiang-lan (李香蘭).

Though Sessue Hayakawa had been a Hollywood star during the silent era, Samuel Fuller felt his English was not up to par, as he'd not lived in the United States for many years (a similar problem emerged during Tokyo Joe and The Bridge on the River Kwai). Fuller ultimately had Richard Loo, of his previous film The Steel Helmet (1951), re-dub all of Hayakawa's lines.

For many years after its initial release, the film was seen only on television in pan-and-scan prints, leading people to believe that DeForest Kelley has a small role near the end of the film. When Fox finally struck a new 35mm CinemaScope print for a film festival in the 1990s, viewers were surprised to see that Kelley is in the film all the way through; he was just always off to one side and thus had been panned out of the frame.

Filming

House of Bamboo was the third major American studio film to be shot on-location in Japan, following Tokyo Joe (1949) and Tokyo File 212 (1951), and the first color film. Filming took place in locations throughout in Tokyo and Yokohama. Fuller, Stack, and Yamaguchi arrived in Japan on 26 January 1955.

At the movie's end, an acknowledgments credit thanks "the Military Police of the U.S. Army Forces Far East and the Eighth Army, as well as the Government of Japan and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department" for their cooperation with the film's production. Fuller shot several scenes guerrilla-style, hoping to capture unvarnished scenes of post-war Japanese urban life.

Back in the United States, studio interiors were shot at the Fox backlot in Los Angeles.

Reception

Initial critical response

The staff of Variety magazine wrote of the film, "Novelty of scene and a warm, believable performance by Japanese star Shirley Yamaguchi are two of the better values in the production. Had story treatment and direction been on the same level of excellence, House would have been an all-round good show. Pictorially, the film is beautiful to see; the talk's mostly in the terse, tough idiom of yesteryear mob pix."

The film's critical reception in Japan was more negative. According to the AFI Catalog of Feature Films, a contemporary Japanese review read "[the film] is strictly a commercial item trying to sell exoticism to an American audience using Japan as a stage and a Japanese actress....Its manner of completely ignoring Japanese habits, geography and sentiment makes us feel quite awkward."

Retrospective reviews

Film critic Keith Uhlich believes the film is an excellent example of wide-screen photography. He wrote in a review, "Quite simply, House of Bamboo has some of the most stunning examples of widescreen photography in the history of cinema. Traveling to Japan on 20th Century Fox's dime, Fuller captured a country divided, trapped between past traditions and progressive attitudes while lingering in the devastating aftereffects of an all-too-recent World War. His visual schema represents the societal fractures through a series of deep-focus, non-theatrical tableaus, a succession of silhouettes, screens, and stylized color photography that melds the heady insanity of a Douglas Sirk melodrama (see, as an especial point of comparison, Sirk's 1956 Korea-set war film Battle Hymn) with the philosophical inquiry of the best noirs."

References in other films

A scene from House of Bamboo (in which Robert Ryan kills Cameron Mitchell while Mitchell is in a bathtub) is briefly shown prominently in the 2002 film Minority Report.

See also

• List of American films of 1955

Bibliography

• Provencher, Ken (Spring 2014). "Bizarre Beauty: 1950s Runaway Production in Japan". Velvet Light Trap. 73 (73). Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press: 39–50. doi:10.7560/VLT7304. ISSN 1542-4251. S2CID 142842143.

External links

• House of Bamboo at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
• House of Bamboo at IMDb
• House of Bamboo at AllMovie
• House of Bamboo at the TCM Movie Database
• House of Bamboo film trailer at YouTube
• House of Bamboo at Rotten Tomatoes